def process_capabilities(capabilities):
    """
    Process a list of capabilities and return the maximum value for each category.

    Args:
        capabilities (list): A list of tuples containing capability data.

    Returns:
        dict: A dictionary with the maximum values for each category.
    """
    max_values = {}
    for cap in capabilities:
        v, _, _, _ = cap
        if 'v5' not in max_values or v > max_values['v5']:
            max_values['v5'] = v
        if 'time' not in max_values or _ > max_values['time']:
            max_values['time'] = _
    return max_values

# Example usage:
capabilities = [
    ('v5_1768236144', 108217.11959687909, 721, 15009.3),
    ('v5_1768235312', 89435.63603047856, 734, 12184.7),
    ('v5_1768235983', 98379.19963352643, 987, 9967.5)
]
print(process_capabilities(capabilities))