# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name:         common/stringTools.py
# Purpose:      Utilities for strings
#
# Authors:      Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert
#               Christopher Ariza
#
# Copyright:    Copyright © 2009-2015 Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert
# License:      BSD, see license.txt
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'''
Tools for working with strings
'''
from __future__ import annotations

__all__ = [
    'whitespaceEqual',
    'getNumFromStr',
    'hyphenToCamelCase',
    'camelCaseToHyphen',
    'spaceCamelCase',
    'getMd5',
    'formatStr',
    'stripAccents',
    'normalizeFilename',
    'removePunctuation',
    'parenthesesMatch',
    'ParenthesesMatch',
]

import dataclasses
import hashlib
import random
import re
import time
import string
import unicodedata

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WHITESPACE = re.compile(r'\s+')
LINEFEED = re.compile('\n+')


def whitespaceEqual(a: str, b: str) -> bool:
    # noinspection PyShadowingNames
    r'''
    returns True if a and b are equal except for whitespace differences

    >>> a = '    hello \n there '
    >>> b = 'hello there'
    >>> c = ' bye there '
    >>> common.whitespaceEqual(a, b)
    True
    >>> common.whitespaceEqual(a, c)
    False
    '''
    a = WHITESPACE.sub('', a)
    b = WHITESPACE.sub('', b)
    a = LINEFEED.sub('', a)
    b = LINEFEED.sub('', b)
    if a == b:
        return True
    else:
        return False


def getNumFromStr(usrStr: str, numbers: str = '0123456789') -> tuple[str, str]:
    '''
    Given a string, extract any numbers.
    Return two strings, the numbers (as strings) and the remaining characters.

    >>> common.getNumFromStr('23a')
    ('23', 'a')
    >>> common.getNumFromStr('23a954Hello')
    ('23954', 'aHello')
    >>> common.getNumFromStr('')
    ('', '')
    '''
    found = []
    remain = []
    for char in usrStr:
        if char in numbers:
            found.append(char)
        else:
            remain.append(char)
    # returns numbers and then characters
    return ''.join(found), ''.join(remain)


def hyphenToCamelCase(usrStr: str, replacement: str = '-') -> str:
    '''
    Given a hyphen-connected-string, change it to
    a camelCaseConnectedString.

    The replacement can be specified to be something besides a hyphen.

    >>> common.hyphenToCamelCase('movement-name')
    'movementName'

    >>> common.hyphenToCamelCase('movement_name', replacement='_')
    'movementName'

    Safe to call on a string lacking the replacement character:

    >>> common.hyphenToCamelCase('voice')
    'voice'

    And on "words" beginning with numbers:

    >>> common.hyphenToCamelCase('music-21')
    'music21'
    '''
    post = ''
    for i, word in enumerate(usrStr.split(replacement)):
        if i == 0:
            post = word
        else:
            post += word.capitalize()
    return post


def camelCaseToHyphen(usrStr: str, replacement: str = '-') -> str:
    # pylint: disable=line-too-long
    '''
    Given a camel-cased string, or a mixture of numbers and characters,
    create a space separated string.

    The replacement can be specified to be something besides a hyphen, but only
    a single character and not (for internal reasons) an uppercase character.

    code from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1175208/elegant-python-function-to-convert-camelcase-to-snake-case

    >>> common.camelCaseToHyphen('movementName')
    'movement-name'

    First letter can be uppercase as well:

    >>> common.camelCaseToHyphen('MovementName')
    'movement-name'

    >>> common.camelCaseToHyphen('movementNameName')
    'movement-name-name'

    >>> common.camelCaseToHyphen('fileName', replacement='_')
    'file_name'

    Some things you cannot do:

    >>> common.camelCaseToHyphen('fileName', replacement='NotFound')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: Replacement must be a single character.

    >>> common.camelCaseToHyphen('fileName', replacement='A')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: Replacement cannot be an uppercase character.
    '''
    if len(replacement) != 1:
        raise ValueError('Replacement must be a single character.')
    if replacement.lower() != replacement:
        raise ValueError('Replacement cannot be an uppercase character.')
    s1 = re.sub('(.)([A-Z][a-z]+)', r'\1' + replacement + r'\2', usrStr)
    return re.sub('([a-z0-9])([A-Z])', r'\1' + replacement + r'\2', s1).lower()


def spaceCamelCase(usrStr: str, replaceUnderscore=True, fixMeList=None) -> str:
    '''
    Given a camel-cased string, or a mixture of numbers and characters,
    create a space separated string.

    If replaceUnderscore is True (default) then underscores also become spaces (but without the _)

    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('thisIsATest')
    'this Is A Test'
    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('ThisIsATest')
    'This Is A Test'
    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('movement3')
    'movement 3'
    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('opus41no1')
    'opus 41 no 1'
    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('opus23402no219235')
    'opus 23402 no 219235'
    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('opus23402no219235').title()
    'Opus 23402 No 219235'

    There is a small list called fixMeList that can fix mistakes.

    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('PMFC22')
    'PMFC 22'

    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('hello_myke')
    'hello myke'
    >>> common.spaceCamelCase('hello_myke', replaceUnderscore=False)
    'hello_myke'
    '''
    numbers = '0123456789.'
    firstNum = False
    firstChar = False
    isNumber = False
    lastIsNum = False
    post: list[str] = []

    # do not split these
    if fixMeList is None:
        fixupList = ('PMFC',)
    else:
        fixupList = fixMeList

    for char in usrStr:
        if char in numbers:
            isNumber = True
        else:
            isNumber = False

        if isNumber and not firstNum and not lastIsNum:
            firstNum = True
        else:
            firstNum = False

        # for chars
        if not isNumber and not firstChar and lastIsNum:
            firstChar = True
        else:
            firstChar = False

        if post:
            if char.isupper() or firstNum or firstChar:
                post.append(' ')
            post.append(char)
        else:  # first character
            post.append(char)

        if isNumber:
            lastIsNum = True
        else:
            lastIsNum = False
    postStr = ''.join(post)
    for fixMe in fixupList:
        fixMeSpaced = ' '.join(fixMe)
        postStr = postStr.replace(fixMeSpaced, fixMe)

    if replaceUnderscore:
        postStr = postStr.replace('_', ' ')
    return postStr


def getMd5(value=None) -> str:
    # noinspection SpellCheckingInspection
    '''
    Return an md5 hash from a string.  If no value is given then
    the current time plus a random number is encoded.

    >>> common.getMd5('test')
    '098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6'
    '''
    if value is None:
        value = str(time.time()) + str(random.random())
    m = hashlib.md5()
    try:
        m.update(value)
    except TypeError:  # unicode
        m.update(value.encode('UTF-8'))

    return m.hexdigest()


def formatStr(msg,
              *rest_of_message,
              **keywords) -> str:
    '''
    DEPRECATED: do not use.  May be removed at any time.

    Format one or more data elements into string suitable for printing
    straight to stderr or other outputs

    >>> a = common.formatStr('test', '1', 2, 3)
    >>> print(a)
    test 1 2 3
    <BLANKLINE>
    '''
    msg = [msg, *rest_of_message]
    for i in range(len(msg)):
        x = msg[i]
        if isinstance(x, bytes):
            msg[i] = x.decode('utf-8')
        if not isinstance(x, str):
            try:
                msg[i] = repr(x)
            except TypeError:
                try:
                    msg[i] = x.decode('utf-8')
                except AttributeError:
                    msg[i] = ''
    return ' '.join(msg) + '\n'


def stripAccents(inputString: str) -> str:
    r'''
    removes accents from unicode strings.

    >>> s = 'trés vite'
    >>> 'é' in s
    True
    >>> common.stripAccents(s)
    'tres vite'

    Also handles the German Eszett and smart quotes

    >>> common.stripAccents('Muß')
    'Muss'
    >>> common.stripAccents('Süss, “êtré”')
    'Suss, "etre"'

    Note -- is is still possible to have non-Ascii characters after this,
    like in this Japanese expression for music:

    >>> common.stripAccents('音楽')
    '音楽'
    '''
    nfkd_form = (
        unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', inputString)
        .replace('ß', 'ss')
        .replace('“', '"')
        .replace('”', '"')
        .replace('‘', "'")
        .replace('’', "'")
    )
    return ''.join([c for c in nfkd_form if not unicodedata.combining(c)])


def normalizeFilename(name: str) -> str:
    '''
    take a name that might contain unicode characters, punctuation,
    or spaces and
    normalize it so that it is POSIX compliant (except for the limit
    on length).

    Takes in a string or unicode string and returns a string (unicode in Py3)
    without any accented characters.

    >>> common.normalizeFilename('03-Niccolò all’lessandra.not really.xml')
    '03-Niccolo_all_lessandra_not_really.xml'
    '''
    extension = None
    lenName = len(name)

    if lenName > 5 and name[-4] == '.':
        extension = str(name[lenName - 4:])
        name = name[:lenName - 4]

    name = stripAccents(name)
    name = name.encode('ascii', 'ignore').decode('UTF-8')
    name = re.sub(r'[^\w-]', '_', name).strip()
    if extension is not None:
        name += extension
    return name


def removePunctuation(s: str) -> str:
    '''
    Remove all punctuation from a string.

    >>> common.removePunctuation('This, is! my (face).')
    'This is my face'
    '''
    maketrans = str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)
    out = s.translate(maketrans)
    return out

@dataclasses.dataclass
class ParenthesesMatch:
    start: int
    end: int
    text: str
    nested: list[ParenthesesMatch]

def parenthesesMatch(
    s: str,
    open: str = '(',  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
    close: str = ')',
) -> list[ParenthesesMatch]:
    r'''
    Utility tool to return a list of parentheses matches for a string using a dataclass
    called `ParenthesesMatch` which has indices of the `start` and `end`
    of the match, and the `text` of the match, and a set of `nested`
    ParenthesesMatch objects (which may have their own nested objects).

    >>> st = r'Bologne wrote (a (whole) (lot) \(of\)) sym\(ph(on)ies\) concertantes.'
    >>> common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch(st)
    [ParenthesesMatch(start=15, end=37, text='a (whole) (lot) \\(of\\)',
                      nested=[ParenthesesMatch(start=18, end=23, text='whole', nested=[]),
                              ParenthesesMatch(start=26, end=29, text='lot', nested=[])]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=47, end=49, text='on', nested=[])]

    Other brackets can be used:

    >>> st = r'[Whammy bars] and [oboes] do [not [mix] very] [well.]'
    >>> common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch(st, open='[', close=']')
    [ParenthesesMatch(start=1, end=12, text='Whammy bars', nested=[]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=19, end=24, text='oboes', nested=[]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=30, end=44, text='not [mix] very',
                      nested=[ParenthesesMatch(start=35, end=38, text='mix', nested=[])]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=47, end=52, text='well.', nested=[])]

    The `open` and `close` parameters can be multiple characters:

    >>> st = r'Did you eat <<beans>> today <<Pythagoreas<<?>>>>'
    >>> common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch(st, open='<<', close='>>')
    [ParenthesesMatch(start=14, end=19, text='beans', nested=[]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=30, end=46, text='Pythagoreas<<?>>',
                      nested=[ParenthesesMatch(start=43, end=44, text='?', nested=[])])]

    They cannot, however, be empty:

    >>> common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch(st, open='', close='')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: Neither open nor close can be empty.

    Unmatched opening or closing parentheses will raise a ValueError:

    >>> common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch('My (parentheses (sometimes (continue',)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError:  Opening '(' at index 3 was never closed

    >>> common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch('This is a <bad> example>', open='<', close='>')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: Closing '>' without '<' at index 23.

    Note that using multiple characters like a prefix can have unintended consequences:

    >>> st = r'[Pitch("C4"), [Pitch("D5"), Pitch("E6")], Pitch("Pity("Z9")")]'
    >>> common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch(st, open='Pitch("', close='")')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: Closing '")' without 'Pitch("' at index 59.

    So to do something like this, you might need to get creative:

    >>> out = common.stringTools.parenthesesMatch(st, open='("', close='")')
    >>> out
    [ParenthesesMatch(start=8, end=10, text='C4', nested=[]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=22, end=24, text='D5', nested=[]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=35, end=37, text='E6', nested=[]),
     ParenthesesMatch(start=49, end=59, text='Pity("Z9")',
                      nested=[ParenthesesMatch(start=55, end=57, text='Z9', nested=[])])]
    >>> extractedPitches = []
    >>> for match in out:
    ...     if st[match.start - 7:match.start] == 'Pitch("':
    ...          extractedPitches.append(match.text)
    >>> extractedPitches
    ['C4', 'D5', 'E6', 'Pity("Z9")']

    * New in v9.3.
    '''
    if not open or not close:
        raise ValueError('Neither open nor close can be empty.')

    mainMatch = ParenthesesMatch(-1, -1, '', [])
    stack: list[ParenthesesMatch] = [mainMatch]

    lastCharWasBackslash = False

    i = 0
    while i < len(s):
        if (not lastCharWasBackslash
                and s[i:i + len(open)] == open):
            curPM = ParenthesesMatch(i + len(open), -1, '', [])
            stack.append(curPM)
            i += len(open)
            continue
        elif (not lastCharWasBackslash
              and s[i:i + len(close)] == close):
            if len(stack) <= 1:
                raise ValueError(f'Closing {close!r} without {open!r} at index {i}.')
            curPM = stack.pop()
            curPM.end = i
            curPM.text = s[curPM.start:i]
            stack[-1].nested.append(curPM)
            i += len(close)
            continue

        if s[i] == '\\':
            lastCharWasBackslash = not lastCharWasBackslash
        else:
            lastCharWasBackslash = False
        i += 1

    if len(stack) > 1:
        raise ValueError(f'Opening {open!r} at index {stack[1].start - 1} was never closed')

    return mainMatch.nested


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import music21
    music21.mainTest()