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Classes and functions for creating and manipulating dynamic symbols. Rather than
subclasses, the :class:`~music21.dynamics.Dynamic` object is often specialized by parameters.
) annotationsN)base)common) environment) exceptions21)spanner)styledynamics)pppppppppppppppppppppmpmfffpsfffffffffffffffffffff
pianississimo
pianissimopiano
mezzopiano
mezzoforteforte
fortepiano sforzando
fortissimo
fortississimo)
r r r r r r r r r r zextremely soft very softsoftzmoderately softzmoderately loudloudz very loudzextremely loud)r r r r r r r r c U b U S:: a gU S: a gU S: a gU S: a gU S : a g
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Given a decimal from 0 to 1, return a string representing a dynamic
with 0 being the softest (0.01 = 'ppp') and 1 being the loudest (0.9+ = 'fff')
0 returns "n" (niente), while ppp and fff are the loudest dynamics used.
>>> dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(0.25)
'pp'
>>> dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(1)
'fff'
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Object representation of Dynamics.
>>> pp1 = dynamics.Dynamic('pp')
>>> pp1.value
'pp'
>>> pp1.longName
'pianissimo'
>>> pp1.englishName
'very soft'
Dynamics can also be specified on a 0 to 1 scale with 1 being the
loudest (see dynamicStrFromDecimal() above)
>>> ppp = dynamics.Dynamic(0.15) # on 0 to 1 scale
>>> ppp.value
'ppp'
>>> print('%.2f' % ppp.volumeScalar)
0.15
Note that we got lucky last time because the dynamic 0.15 exactly corresponds
to what we've considered the default for 'ppp'. Here we assign 0.98 which
is close to the 0.9 that is the default for 'fff' -- but the 0.98 will
be retained in the .volumeScalar
>>> loud = dynamics.Dynamic(0.98) # on 0 to 1 scale
>>> loud.value
'fff'
>>> print('%.2f' % loud.volumeScalar)
0.98
Transferring the .value ('fff') to a new Dynamic object will set the volumeScalar
back to 0.9
>>> loud2 = dynamics.Dynamic(loud.value)
>>> loud2.value
'fff'
>>> print('%.2f' % loud2.volumeScalar)
0.90
Custom dynamics are possible:
>>> myDyn = dynamics.Dynamic('rfzsfmp')
>>> myDyn.value
'rfzsfmp'
>>> print(myDyn.volumeScalar)
0.5
>>> myDyn.volumeScalar = 0.87
>>> myDyn.volumeScalar
0.87
Dynamics can be placed anywhere in a stream.
>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> s.insert(0, note.Note('E-4', type='half'))
>>> s.insert(2, note.Note('F#5', type='half'))
>>> s.insert(0, dynamics.Dynamic('pp'))
>>> s.insert(1, dynamics.Dynamic('mf'))
>>> s.insert(3, dynamics.Dynamic('fff'))
>>> #_DOCS_SHOW s.show()
.. image:: images/dynamics_simple.*
:width: 344
longName englishNamez
the name of this dynamic in Italian.
>>> d = dynamics.Dynamic('pp')
>>> d.longName
'pianissimo'
z
the name of this dynamic in English.
>>> d = dynamics.Dynamic('pp')
>>> d.englishName
'very soft'
a}
Staff placement: 'above', 'below', or None.
A setting of None implies that the placement will be determined
by notation software and no particular placement is demanded.
This is not placed in the `.style` property, since for some dynamics,
the placement above or below an object has semantic
meaning and is not purely presentational. For instance, a dynamic
placed between two staves in a piano part implies that it applies
to both hands, while one placed below the lower staff would apply
only to the left hand.
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Get or set the value of this dynamic, which sets the long and
English names of this Dynamic. The value is a string specification.
>>> p = dynamics.Dynamic('p')
>>> p.value
'p'
>>> p.englishName
'soft'
>>> p.longName
'piano'
>>> p.value = 'f'
>>> p.value
'f'
>>> p.englishName
'loud'
>>> p.longName
'forte'
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Get or set the volume scalar for this dynamic. If not explicitly set, a
default volume scalar will be provided. Any number between 0 and 1 can be
used to set the volume scalar, overriding the expected behavior.
As mezzo is at 0.5, the unit interval range is doubled for
generating final output. The default output is 0.5.
>>> d = dynamics.Dynamic('mf')
>>> d.volumeScalar
0.55...
>>> d.volumeScalar = 0.1
>>> d.volumeScalar
0.1
>>> d.value
'mf'
int(volumeScalar \* 127) gives the MusicXML tag
>>> xmlOut = musicxml.m21ToXml.GeneralObjectExporter().parse(d).decode('utf-8')
>>> print(xmlOut)
...
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Common base-class for Crescendo and Diminuendo.
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A spanner crescendo wedge.
>>> d = dynamics.Crescendo()
>>> d.spread
15
>>> d.spread = 20
>>> d.spread
20
>>> d.type
'crescendo'
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A spanner diminuendo wedge.
>>> d = dynamics.Diminuendo()
>>> d.spread = 20
>>> d.spread
20
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